Mahasweta Devi
Mahasweta Devi
| Padma Vibhushan Mahasweta Devi | |
|---|---|
Mahasweta Devi
| |
| Born | 14 January 1926 Matualalaya, Dhaka, Bengal Presidency, British India |
| Died | 28 July 2016 (aged 90) Kolkata, India |
| Occupation | Political activist, author, diplomat |
| Period | 1956–2016 |
| Genre | Novel, short story, drama, essay |
| Subject | Denotified tribes of India |
| Literary movement | Gananatya |
| Notable works | Hajar Churashir Maa (Mother of 1084) Aranyer Adhikar (The Right of the Forest) Titu Mir |
| Notable awards | Padma Vibhushan Padma Shri Sahitya Akademi Award Ramon Magsaysay Award Jnanpith Award |
| Spouse | Bijon Bhattacharya (1947–1962) Asit Gupta (1965–1976) |
| Children | Nabarun Bhattacharya |
| Relatives | Manish Ghatak (father) Dharitri Devi (mother) |
| Signature |  |
| Website | |
| www.MahaswetaDevi.com | |
Mahasweta Devi (14 January 1926 – 28 July 2016)[1][2] was an Indian Bengali fiction writer and social activist. Her notable literary works include Hajar Churashir Maa, Rudali, and Aranyer Adhikar.[3] She worked for the rights and empowerment of the tribal people (Lodha and Shabar) of West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh states of India.[4] She was honoured with various literary awards such as the Sahitya Akademi Award (in Bengali), Jnanpith Award and Ramon Magsaysay Award along with India's civilian awards Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan.[5]
Contents
[hide]Early life[edit]
Mahasweta Devi was born in 1926 in Decca, British India (now Dhaka, Bangladesh) to literary parents. Her father, Manish Ghatak, was a well-known poet and novelist of the Kallol movement, who used the pseudonym Jubanashwa (Bengali: যুবনাশ্ব).[6] Ghatak's brother was noted filmmaker Ritwik Ghatak.[7] Devi's mother, Dharitri Devi, was also a writer and a social worker whose brothers were very distinguished in various fields, such as the noted sculptor Sankha Chaudhury and the founder-editor of Economic and Political Weeklyof India, Sachin Chaudhury. Mahasweta Devi's first schooling was in Dhaka, Eden Montessori school (1930) but after the partition of India she moved to West Bengal in India. Then she studied in Midnapur Mission School Girls High School(1935). After that she was admitted to Santiniketan (1936 to 1938.) After that, she studied at Beltala Girls' School (1939-1941) where she got her matric. Then in 1944 she got I.A. from Asutosh College. Then she joined the Rabindranath Tagore-founded Visva-Bharati University and completed a B.A. (Hons) in English, and then finished an M.A. in English at Calcutta University.[8][9]
Career[edit]
Literary works[edit]
Devi wrote over 100 novels and over 20 collections of short stories primarily written in Bengali but often translated to other languages.[10] Her first novel, titled Jhansir Rani, based on a biography of the Rani of Jhansi was published in 1956. She had toured the Jhansi region to record information and folk songs from the local people for the novel.[3]
In 1964, she began teaching at Jadavpur, Kolkata-32 (an affiliated college of the University of Calcutta system). In those days Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College was an institution for working-class women students. During that period she also worked -- as a journalist and as a creative writer. She studied the Lodhas and Shabars, the tribal communities of West Bengal, women and dalits. In her elaborate Bengali fiction, she often depicted the brutal oppression of tribal peoples and untouchables by the powerful authoritarian upper-caste landlords, money-lenders, and venal government officials.[8] She wrote of the source of her inspiration:
Postcolonial scholar Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak has translated Devi's short stories into English and published three books Imaginary Maps (1995, Routledge), Old Woman (1997, Seagull), The Breast Stories (1997, Seagull).[12]
Social activity[edit]
Mahasweta Devi raised her voice several times against the discrimination suffered by tribal people in India.[3] Devi's 1977 novel Aranyer Adhikar (Right to the Forest) was about the life of Birsa Munda.[3] And in June 2016, consequent to Devi's activism, the Jharkhand State Government finally saw to the removal of shackles from the figure of Munda, which had been part of the commemorative sculpture of the notable young tribal leader due to its having been based on a photograph dating from British rule.
Devi spearheaded the movement against the industrial policy of the earlier Communist Party of India (Marxist) government of West Bengal. Specifically, she stridently criticized confiscation from farmers of large tracts of fertile agricultural land by the government which then ceded it to industrial houses at throwaway prices. She supported the candidature of Mamata Banarjee in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election which resulted in the end of the 34-year long rule of CPI(M).[13] She had connected the policy to the commercialization of Santiniketan of Rabindranath Tagore, where she spent her formative years. Her lead in the Nandigram agitation resulted in a number of intellectuals, artists, writers and theatre workers joining together in protest of the controversial policy and particularly its implementation in Singur and Nandigram.[3]
She is known to have helped the noted writer Manoranjan Bypari to come into prominence as his initial writings were published in her journal and as prompted by her.
At the Frankfurt Book Fair 2006, when India was the first country to be the Fair's second time guest nation, she made an impassioned inaugural speech wherein she moved the audience to tears with her lines taken from the famous film song "Mera Joota Hai Japani" by Raj Kapoor.[14]
Personal life[edit]
On 27 February in 1947, she married renowned playwright Bijon Bhattacharya, who was one of the founding fathers of the Indian People's Theatre Association movement.[7] In 1948, she gave birth to Nabarun Bhattacharya, who became a novelist and political critic.[15] She worked in a post office but was fired from there for her communist leaning.[9] She went on to do various jobs, such as selling soaps and writing letters in English for illiterate people. In 1962, she married author Asit Gupta after divorcing Bhattacharya.[9] In 1976, the relationship with Gupta ended.
Death[edit]
On 23 July 2016, Devi suffered a major heart attack and was admitted to Belle Vue Clinic in Kolkata. Devi died of multiple organ failure on 28 July 2016, aged 90.[16] She had suffered from diabetes, septicemia and urinary infection.[7]
On her death, Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister of West Bengal tweeted "India has lost a great writer. Bengal has lost a glorious mother. I have lost a personal guide. Mahasweta Di rest in peace."[7] Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted "Mahashweta Devi wonderfully illustrated the might of the pen. A voice of compassion, equality & justice, she leaves us deeply saddened. RIP."[7]
Awards & Recognition[edit]
- 1979: Sahitya Akademi Award (Bengali): – Aranyer Adhikar (novel)[17]
- 1986: Padma Shri for Social Work[18]
- 1996: Jnanpith Award – the highest literary award from the Bharatiya Jnanpith[17]
- 1997: Ramon Magsaysay Award – Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts for "compassionate crusade through art and activism to claim for tribal peoples a just and honorable place in India’s national life."[2][19][20]
- 2003: Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres[21]
- 2006: Padma Vibhushan – the second highest civilian award from the Government of India[17]
- 2007: SAARC Literary Award[22]
- 2009: Shortlisted for the Man Booker International Prize[23]
- 2010: Yashwantrao Chavan National Award[24]
- 2011: Banga Bibhushan – the highest civilian award from the Government of West Bengal[25]
- On 14th January, 2018, Google honored Mahasweta Devi on her 92nd birth anniversary by creating a doodle on her.[26]
Major works[edit]
Devi's major works are as listed below:[27]
- Jhansir Rani (1956, biography)
- The Queen of Jhansi, by Mahasweta Devi (translated by Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta). This book is a reconstruction of the life of Rani Lakshmi Bai from extensive research of both historical documents (collected mostly by G. C. Tambe, grandson of the Queen) and folk tales, poetry and oral tradition; the original in Bengali was published in 1956; the English translation by Seagull Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758
- Hajar Churashir Maa (1974, novel)
- Aranyer Adhikar (1979, novel)
- Agnigarbha (1978, short stories collection)
- Murti (1979, short stories collection)
- Neerete Megh (1979, short stories collection)
- Stanyadayani (1980, short stories collection)
- Chotti Munda Evam Tar Tir (1980, short stories collection)
Film adaptations[edit]
- Sunghursh (1968), Hindi film based on short story Layli Asmaner Ayna[28]
- Rudaali (1993)[29]
- Bayen (HindI) (1993)a film based on Short story Directed by Gul Bahar singh
- Hazaar Chaurasi Ki Maa (1998)[29]
- Maati Maay (2006), Marathi film based on short story Daayen[29][30]
- Gangor (2010), Italian film based on short story Choli Ke Peeche[29]
- Ullas (Bengali film based on three short stories—Daur, Mahadu Ekti Rupkatha and Anna Aranya Anna Aranya)), produced by Sankar Sarkar, directed by Ishwar Chakraborty, released in 2012.
Mahasweta Devi
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January 14, 2018
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